Vacuum discharge apparatus



Original Filed March 4, 1919 v Inventor:

Sau Bushman,

His Attor'neg vPatented June 7, i927. l

UNIT-ED STATES y y 1,631,612- PZAT'ENT OFFICE.

sam. nusmuiw, or

SCHINECTLDY, NEW YORK, AB'SIGNOB T0 GENERAL ELICTBIU A GOBPOBATION F NEW YORK.

A VLOUUI APPARATUS.

Application led Iaroh 4, 1919,*8e11a1 No. 880,638. Renewed September 39, 1988.

lMy present invention relates' to vacuum l construction and method of operation, to

gether with the special advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the vfollowing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a perspective of one of my improved devices and Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view showing the electrode structure. As indicated in the drawing, my improved device comprises an evacuated receptacle 1 in which are located a cathode 2 of filamentary form, a. grid electrode v3 surrounding the cathode and an anode 4. surrounding both the cathode and grid. Leading-in conductors 5 and 6 which are sealed throu h the stem 7 supply heating current to t e cathode and also' serve to support the ends thereof. A supporting arm 8 has one end embedded in the stem 7 and extends axiall in the tube, the middle point of the cath e I 2 being secured to the opposite end thereof.

Thed grid electrode 3 is in the form of a helical coil which may be made of wire which is so small and iiexible that it would be.

incapable of maintaining itself in a desired 4o position in the device. To overcome this diiiicultytwo diametrically` op ite su porting' arms 9 and 10 are em ded in e stemand these arms are secured to the out side of each turn of the grid coilin any desired manner, preferabl b welding. One of these Varms is exten ed ou h the stem 7 and serves as a leadin -in con uctor for the grid electrode. By this construction it is possible to make the grid of wire of any desired size and also to provide a uniform spacing between the turns which will be maintained. without any possibility of change during the operation of the device.

In the operation of devices' of the type y here involved, a large lamount of heat 1s pro- AbyLetters Patent of the United States, is,-

duced at the anodeand the amount of energy which may be controlled is limited by the allowable heating of the anode. The capacity of the device may be greatly increased by providing a plurality of heat radiating surfaces upon the anode, which in the present case are in the form of fins 11 extending outwardly from the surface of the 'anode along the entire-length thereof. The f anode is made of sheet metal which is bent in such a wa as to form an opening through the electro e .adapted to contain another electrode or electrodes. In the present case the electrode is given a'substantially cylindrical form' with the fins '1l thereon as lndi- 70 cated. These fins provide a heat radiating surface having a surface area of the same order of magnitude as the surface area of the anode and permit the radiation from the anode of a much larger-amount of heat than would be the case if no, heat radiating surfaces were provided. From another viewpoint it permits the use of a much smaller anode for a deviceof a given capacity and thereby reduces the impedance of the device' due lto space charge.

The anode may be made of a single piece of sheet metal .or of more than one piece as may be most convenient. A It will be noticed that each of the finsis made up of two `layers of the metal and that the supporting arms 12 are inserted between the two layers, the metal being pressed around these arms so as to closely embrace them. The supportin arms 12 are secured to al split cyllndrica member 13 which surrounds the stem 7 and is held in position by means of a clampm bolt 14:.v A leading-m conductor 15 whic is secured tothe clamping bolt 14 serves to carry -current from the lanode and is sealed -into the receptacle when the stem 7 is lomed 'to the receptacle. ,By sealing this leading-rn conductor in at the point indicated it 1s possible to operate the device at as hlgh potentials as may be desired between'cathode and ano'de without impressing any large potential vdifferences between any of the conductors which are sealed into thestem 7 What I claim as new and desire to secure 1. In a vacuum discharge device, an eleo trode having an opening therethroughz a plurality of heat radiating surfaces having Aa surface area of the same order of magmtude as the surface., area'. of thel electrode 1 formed integrally therewith and extending outwardly therefrom, and a lurality of supporting arms secured to said .heat radiating' surfaces. v 'y 2. lIn a vacuum dischar e device, an evacuated receptacle, a pluraity of electrodes within said receptacle, ,one of said electrodeshaving an opening therethrough with a lurality of heat radiating surfaces exten ing outwardly therefrom having a surface area of the same order of magnitude'as the surface area of the electrode, a stem through which leading-in conductors for said electrodes are sealed, and a plurality of supporting arms carried by said stem, said sup- 9 porting arms being operatively related" to said heat radiating surfaces for supporting in the receptacle the electrode of whlch these surfaces form apart.

3. In a vacuum discharge device, an evacuated receptacle, a cathode of filamentary form and a grid within saidreceptacle, an anode surrounding said cathode and grid, al plurality of heat radiatin tsurfaces extending outwardly from sai anode, said' heat radiating surfaces having a surface` area of the same order of magnitude as. the

surface area of the anode, a stem through which leading-in conductors for said cathode and grid are sealed, a plurality of supporting arms carried by said stein, said supporting arms being operatively related to said heat radiating surfaces for supporting said anode in the receptacle, and a leading- 1n conductor connected to4 said sup orting arms and sealed into said receptac e at/a oint remote from that at which the leadmg-in conductors'for the cathode and grid are sealedinto said receptacle.

4. In a vacuum discharge device, an evacuated receptacle, a cathode of lamentary form, an anode and a grid within said receptacle, a stem through which leading-in conductors for said cathode and. grid are sealed, a clamping band embracing said stem, a plurality of supporting armsl con- ,nected to said band, said supporting' arms vtending outwardly bein secured to said anode and a leading-in con uctor for said anode connected to said band and sealed into said receptacle/at a point remote from that at which the leadingin conductors for the cathode andgrid are sealed into said receptacle. 5. In a vacuum discharge device, an electrode having an openinv therethrough and a plurality of heat radiating surfaces extherefromV along the entire length of the electrode.

Aing a containin 6. In a vacuum discharge' device, an electrode having an opening therethrough, said electrode b ein provided with a plurality of fins forming eat radiating surfaces, said fins4 being formed of two layers of metal andsupporting arms for said electrode, said supporting arms being embraced by said ns.

7. A11 electron discharge device comprising a containing vessel having a neck, a stem having a flare joined t'o the neck of said vessel, electrodes supported by said stem and lead wires for said electrodes, certain-of said lead wires being sealed in said stem and the remainder of said lead wires being sealed in between the flare of said stem and said. neck.

8. An electron discharge device comprisvessel having a neck, a stem having a are joined to the neck of said vessel, electrodes supported by said stem, anda lead wire for one of saidelectrodes external of. said\ stem and sealed in between the Iflare of said stem and said neck.

9. In a vacuum discharge device; an electrode having an opening therethrough and a plurality 'of heat radiating surfaces, said surfac'es having an area of the same order of magnitude as the surface area of the electrode land extending outwardly from said electrode and in'an axial direction with respect to the electrode. Y

10. In a vacuum discharge device, an electrode having an opening therethrough and a plurality of heat radiating surfaces extending outwardly therefrom and -in an axial direction along the entire length of the electrode. l

11. In a vacuumdischa'rge device, a hollow electrode open at both' ends, said electrode being provided with a plurality of heat radiating surfaces having a surface area of the same order of magnitude as the surface area of the electrode and extending outwardly from said electrode.

' 12. In a vacuum discharge device, an evacuated receptacle, a hollow electrode therein open at both ends, said electrode being provided with a plurality of heat radiating suri yelectrode in said rece tacle.

In witness 4whereo I have xhereunto set my hand this 43rd .day of March, 1919.

SAUL DUSHMAN. y 

